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1.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 38(1): 191-195, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423082

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We describe a 60-year-old woman with post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular septal defect (VSD) and cardiogenic shock who was successfully stabilized with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) as a bridge therapy for the surgical closure of her VSD. This case highlights the role of VA-ECMO in the management of post-MI VSD to improve the results of surgical repair and patient survival.

3.
Salud ment ; 44(2): 43-52, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1252150

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Suicide has shown an international and national trend to increase, mainly in young people, together with seasonal behavior associated with high temperatures. Although Chihuahua saw the highest number of suicides and suicide attempts in 2016, there are no studies documenting their seasonal and trend behavior. Objective This study sought to analyze the trend and seasonality of completed suicides in the state of Chihuahua from 2008 to 2018. Method The number of deaths from intentionally self-inflicted injuries was obtained from INEGI. The absolute suicide rate was estimated, and a time series model applied to identify its trend and seasonality. In addition, environmental temperature was used as a predictor variable for the number of suicides through a Poisson model. Results A trend was found in the completed suicide rate from 2008 to 2018 in men and women, both separately and together (stationary R2 .73, .66 and .69, respectively), together with seasonality in both sexes (p < .002), with the highest figures being recorded in June and July. An increase of 1,028 suicides was found for every 1°C rise in temperature. In the 10-24 and 25-34 age groups, a linear increase in the suicide rate was observed during the period studied (R² > .7, p = .001). Discussion and conclusion Between 2008 and 2018, the suicide rate increased in the state of Chihuahua, mainly among those aged between 10 and 34. Moreover, suicide rates tend to increase during the months of June and July because of temperature.


Resumen Introducción El suicidio ha presentado una tendencia a la alta a nivel internacional y nacional, principalmente en jóvenes, y un comportamiento estacional, asociado a altas temperaturas. Aunque Chihuahua presentó la mayor cantidad de suicidios e intentos de suicidio durante 2016; no hay estudios que evidencien su comportamiento tendencial y estacional. Objetivo El objetivo fue analizar la tendencia y estacionalidad de suicidios consumados en el estado de Chihuahua de 2008 a 2018. Método Se obtuvieron las defunciones por lesiones autoinfligidas intencionalmente del repositorio del INEGI. Se estimó la tasa de suicidio absoluta y se aplicó un modelo de series de tiempo para identificar su tendencia y estacionalidad; además, se utilizó la temperatura ambiental como variable predictora en el número de suicidios por medio de un modelo Poisson. Resultados Se encontró una tendencia en la tasa de suicidios consumados de 2008 a 2018 en hombres, mujeres y en conjunto (R2 estacionaria .73, .66 y .69, respectivamente); y estacionalidad en ambos sexos (p < .002), donde los mayores registros fueron en junio y julio. Se encontró una asociación en un incremento de 1,028 suicidios por cada incremento de 1°C de la temperatura. En los grupos etarios de 10-24 y 25-34 se observó un incremento lineal en la tasa de suicidio durante el periodo estudiado (R2 > .7, p = .001). Discusión y conclusión De 2008 a 2018, la tasa de suicidios se ha incrementado en el estado de Chihuahua, principalmente entre los 10 y 34 años de edad. Además, la tasa de suicidio tiende a incrementarse durante los meses de junio y julio, asociándose a la temperatura.

5.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 52(4): 41-50, dic. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340919

ABSTRACT

Abstract The health benefits attributed to probiotics generate interest in the search of competent strains adapted to several ecological niches, especially those related to traditional beverages and foods of each country. Pineapple tepache, a traditional Mexican fermented beverage, was used for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential, one of which withstood the in vitro tests. The isolated strain AB-05, which exhibited the tested probiotic functional properties, was designated as Lactobacillus pentosus ABHEAU-05. The sequence was registered in GenBank under access code MK587617. This study is the first report of a lactic acid bacterium with in vitro digestion resistance isolated from pineapple tepache. The survival of L. pentosus ABHEAU-05 in a symbiotic medium was proven using fermented milk enriched with inulin. The in vitro digestion-resistant probiotic activity of lactobacilli was measured through analysis of pH and proteolysis. Results showed that L. pentosus grew properly in fermented milk; therefore, this microorganism could be used in the manufacture of this kind of products. The concentration of L. pentosus reached up to 8.5 logCFU/ml after 40 h of fermentation. In addition, the production of peptides and the decrease in pH indicated the vigorous and active metabolic state of the lactic acid bacterium tested. The activity and the concentration of this microorganism were maintained during refrigeration. The results of this research conclude that L. plantarum ABHEAU-05 is an in vitro digestion-resistant microorganism that can be used as a starter culture for the production of functional foods of dairy origin.


Resumen Los beneficios a la salud atribuidos a los probióticos generan interés en la búsqueda de cepas competentes adaptadas a varios nichos ecológicos, especialmente los relacionados con bebidas y alimentos tradicionales de cada país. En este estudio, se aisló del tepache de pina, una bebida fermentada tradicional mexicana, una bacteria láctica resistente a la digestión in vitro. Entre 5 bacterias aisladas, una de ellas soportó las pruebas simuladas de digestión gastrointestinal. Se analizó la resistencia a sales biliares, a condiciones ácidas y al ataque enz-imático con pepsina. La bacteria aislada, que exhibió las propiedades funcionales probióticas referidas, fue identificada como Lactobacillus pentosus y designada como L. pentosus ABHEAU-05. La secuencia fue depositada en GenBank (acceso MK587617). Se comprobó la supervivencia de L. pentosus ABHEAU-05 en una leche fermentada adicionada con inulina y su resistencia a la digestión in vitro mediante el análisis del pH y la proteólisis. Los resultados muestran que la leche fermentada es una matriz adecuada, donde L. pentosus ABHEAU-05 se desarrolla sin inconvenientes, alcanzando un título de 8,5 logufc/ml después de 40 h de fermentación. Además, la producción de péptidos y el descenso del pH indicaron el estado metabólico vigoroso y activo del microorganismo probiótico. Se concluye que L. pentosus ABHEAU-05 es un microorganismo resistente a la digestión in vitro, que puede servir como cultivo iniciador para la producción de alimentos de origen lácteo. Este es el primer informe acerca del aislamiento de una bacteria ácido láctica resistente a la digestión in vitro a partir del tepache de piña.


Subject(s)
Probiotics , Lactobacillus pentosus , Fermented Foods , Beverages , Lactic Acid , Digestion , Fermentation , Food Microbiology
6.
CienciaUAT ; 13(2): 18-27, ene.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011773

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La circunferencia de cintura abdominal (CC) se utiliza para evaluar obesidad infantil; para su medición, se emplean diferentes lugares pero aún no se ha demostrado la similitud o diferencia entre los valores obtenidos en cada zona. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar el sitio de medición de la CC que mejor determine obesidad infantil, contrastada con indicadores de obesidad. Se midió la CC en cuatro lugares: 1) circunferencia mínima (CM); 2) circunferencia umbilical (CU); 3) circunferencia en el punto medio (CPM); y 4) circunferencia por arriba del borde superior de la cresta ilíaca (CCI); se determinaron la endomorfia (Endo), la suma proporcional de seis pliegues (SP6P) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC), como indicadores de sobrepeso u obesidad en 107 escolares de 6 a 11 años de edad. En niñas la CCI fue más alta que CM y CPM (P = 0.001 y 0.049 respectivamente) y CU mayor que CM (P = 0.025). Todos los sitios de medición de CC correlacionaron bien con los indicadores de obesidad (P = 0.001). La CCI fue el mejor lugar de medición de la CC para predecir sobrepeso u obesidad representada por Endo, SP6P e IMC (P = 0.001), por lo que es el sitio que mejor predice obesidad en edad escolar y parece evidenciar la presencia de dimorfismo sexual en niñas; debido a ello, los sitios de medición de circunferencia de cintura no deben ser intercambiables, ya que esta identificación ayudaría a generar un mejor diagnóstico de obesidad y riesgo cardiometabólico en niños y niñas en etapa de la pubertad.


ABSTRACT Waist circumference (WC) is used in the assessment of childhood obesity, however different measurement areas are used, and the similarity or difference between the values of each area has not yet been demonstrated. The aim of this research was to identify the WC area that can best determine childhood obesity, contrasting it with indicators of obesity in children. WC was measured in four different areas: 1) minimum circumference (MC); 2) umbilical circumference (UC); 3) midpoint circumference (MPC); and 4) circumference just above the iliac crest (ICC). Endomorphy (Endo), proportional sum of six skinfolds (PSSS) and body mass index (BMI) were measured as over-weight and obesity indicators in 107 children from 6 to 11 years old. ICC was higher than MC and MPC in girls (P = 0.001 y 0.049 respectively); also UC was higher than MC (P = 0.025) in this group. All measurement areas correlated well with obesity indicators (P = 0.001). The ICC was best measurement area to predict adiposity represented by Endo, PSSS and IMC in school age girls and boys (P = 0.001) and seems to evidence the sexual dimorphism in girls. Therefore, measurement areas must not be taken interchangeably since this identification would help to generate a better diagnosis of obesity and metabolic risk in boys and girls during puberty.

7.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(2): 632-640, June 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002269

ABSTRACT

El porcentaje de estatura adulta (PEA) es un indicador del estado de maduración, que refleja la variación en la tasa y progreso de crecimiento. Existen diversos métodos para estimar la estatura adulta, sin haberse documentado en la literatura de manera concreta sus similitudes o diferencias. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron comparar tres métodos de estimación del PEA, identificar cambios seculares en niños y adolescentes y establecer valores de referencia del PEA para población portuguesa. Se midieron en 799 niños y 736 niñas, de 7,0 a 16,49 años, la edad ósea, el peso y la estatura, para estimar el porcentaje de estatura adulta por las metodologías TW3, KR y RWT. Los valores del método TW3 del presente estudio, fueron comparados con los reportados en décadas atrás para identificar cambios seculares. Se utilizó un ANOVA de medidas repetidas para estimar las diferencias entre los métodos en el presente estudio, así como gráficas de Bland y Altman. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar las diferencias entre los valores encontrados en la presente investigación y los presentados en décadas atrás en otros estudios. No se encontraron diferencias entre los métodos TW3 y KR en los diferentes grupos de edad cuando se clasificaron los sujetos por edad cronológica, en ambos sexos (P>0,05). Así mismo, no se observaron cambios seculares en el PEA (P>0.05). Los métodos TW3 y KR pueden ser intercambiables entre sí, debido a que no presentan diferencias en la estimación a diferentes edades y en ambos sexos. Además, no existió cambio secular en la estimación de PEA por estas metodologías, lo que las hace útiles en la actualidad.


The adult height percentage (AHP) is an indicator of maturity state, which reflects variation in growth rate. Several methods estimates adult height; however, its similarities or differences have not been documented in a concrete way in literature. The aims of the present work were to compare three common methods of AHP estimation, to identify children and adolescents secular changes and to develop AHP reference values in Portuguese population. Skeletal age, weight and height were measure in 799 children and 736 girls from 7.0 to 16.5 years; in addition, parents height was self-reported by them to estimate the AHP by TW3, RWT and KR methods. ANOVA was used to estimate differences between TW3, KR and RWT methods, as well as Bland-Altman graphs. Also, Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. No differences were found between TW3 and KR methods in all age groups, in both sexes, when subjects were classified by chronological age (P> 0.05). Likewise, no secular changes were observed in AHP (P> 0.05). Not only TW3 and KR protocols can be interchangeable each other because they did not present differences in the AHP estimation at different ages and in both sexes. However, secular changes were not observed in AHP estimation by these methods.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Height , Anthropometry/methods , Growth , Probability , Age Factors
8.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 68(3): 268-279, sept. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English | LIVECS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1016085

ABSTRACT

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is a plant in the family of Lamiaceae. In Mexican traditional medicine it is used to alleviate gastrointestinal and hepatic problems. Studies carried out mainly in ethanolic and methanolic extracts, have revealed the presence of diverse compounds to which those medicinal properties are attributed. The objective of this research work was to extract in aqueous solution the antioxidants present in lemon balm and identify them through HPLC-MS. A Box-Behnken design was applied to determine the physical conditions of antioxidant extraction, where the analyzed variables were time, temperature and sample quantity. The antioxidant activity was determined through methodologies of DPPH*, FRAP and total phenolics. The aqueous solution with the highest antioxidant activity was analyzed through HPLC-MS. The results showed that the interaction temperature-time has a positive influence on the liberation of antioxidants. The best condition for a conventional extraction of antioxidants was 90°C, 15 min and 2 g of sample. Higher correlations were observed at r2>0.6 between determined antioxidant activity by DPPH* (or FRAP) vs Total phenolics; this would indicate that such activity could be attributed to phenolic compounds whose presence was confirmed through an analysis by HPLC-MS(AU)


El toronjil (Melissa officinalis) es una planta de la familia Lamiaceae. En la medicina tradicional mexicana es utilizado para aliviar problemas gastrointestinales y hepáticos. Algunos estudios realizados con extractos etanólicos y metanólicos de dicha planta, han revelado la presencia de diversos compuestos a los que se les atribuye sus propiedades medicinales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue extraer en solución acuosa los antioxidantes presentes en el toronjil e identificarlos a través de HPLC-MS. Para ello, se aplicó un diseño de experimentos Box-Behnken a fin de determinar las condiciones físicas de extracción de antioxidantes; las variables analizadas fueron tiempo, temperatura y cantidad de muestra. La actividad antioxidante fue determinada a través de las metodologías de DPPH*, FRAP y fenoles totales. El extracto acuoso con la mayor actividad antioxidante fue analizado mediante HPLCMS. Los resultados mostraron que la interacción tiempotemperatura tuvo una influencia positiva en la liberación de antioxidantes. La mejor condición para la extracción de antioxidantes presentes en el toronjil fue 90°C, 15 min y 2 g de muestra. Correlaciones superiores a r2>0.6 fueron determinadas entre la actividad antioxidante medida por DPPH* (o FRAP) vs Fenoles totales; esto podría indicar que la actividad antioxidante encontrada podría atribuirse a compuestos de tipo fenólico cuya presencia fue confirmada por el análisis en HPLC-MS(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Basic Homeopathic Research , Melissa , Antioxidants , Therapeutics , Gastrointestinal Diseases
9.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 61: e18180132, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974085

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In the last decade, thrombosis has been one of the pathologies with high incidence creating great concern in Health Institutes all around the world. Considering this, the aim of this research was to determine the antithrombotic activity of peptides released during lactic fermentation. Reconstituted skim milk powder was fermented by Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 isolated from commercial fermented milks. The hydrolysis degree and proteolytic profile were analyzed by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid spectrophotometry method and by peptide polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel separation. The milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei Shirota exhibited a higher concentration of free amino groups than that fermented by Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1. Additionally, in both fermentation systems peptides with molecular weights lower than 1.4 kDa were observed. The highest inhibition of thrombin (31.67±2.35%) was observed in milk fermented by Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 at 10 hours of fermentation. Finally, no relationship was found between the antithrombotic capacity and the proteolytic profile.

10.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 78(2): 126-131, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-989247

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La farmacogenética tiene utilidad clínica para evaluar los efectos de los fármacos según perfil genético y aporta a la medicina poblacional y personalizada. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) es una enfermedad prevalente en el Perú y el mundo. Para su tratamiento existen varios fármacos, entre ellos la metformina. La respuesta individual puede estar influenciada por el polimorfismo Val/Met en el gen octT1 y las frecuencias varían según grupo étnico. Se ha relacionado al alelo Met con una menor respuesta a la metformina. Objetivo: Evaluar la distribución del polimorfismo Val/Met en el gen OCT1 en muestras de sangre de sujetos de Lima y Puno, e inferir su impacto en la farmacogenética de la DMT2. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Lugar: Facultades de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor Lima, Perú; Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Perú. Participantes: 56 individuos de Puno y 57 de Lima-ciudad. Intervenciones: Análisis del polimorfismo Val/Met en el gen OCT1 con la técnica PCR-RFLP. Principales medidas de resultados: Frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas. Resultados: Las frecuencias de los genotipos, en general,fueron: Val/Val=85,0% y Val/Met=15,0%. La frecuencia del alelo Val, en general, fue mayor al 93%; el alelo Met, asociado con una menor respuesta a metformina, se encontró presente en Amantaní (8,3%) y Lima (9,6%), y ausente en Taquile. Conclusiones: Para el alelo Val del gen OCT1, se ha encontrado la más alta frecuencia registrada en el mundo. Respecto al alelo Met, aunque es menos frecuente, existen diferencias entre las subpoblaciones peruanas evaluadas, y ese conocimiento puede ayudar en la farmacogenética y la toma de decisiones en el tratamiento con los antidiabéticos orales como la metformina.


Introduction: Pharmacogenetics can be used in clinical analysis to assess the efficiency of drugs according to the patient’s genetic profile, and it is becoming important for population genetics and precision medicine. The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent all over the world, including Peru. Among the different drugs for T2DM, metformin is used the most and patient’s response to it can be influenced by the Val/Met polymorphism of the OCT1 (SLC22) gene, where Met is associated with a lower response. The frequencies of these polymorphisms vary according to ethnic origin. Objective: To evaluate the distribution of the Val/Met polymorphism in the OCT1 gene in samples of Lima and Puno, and to assess their impact on pharmacogenetics of T2DM. Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Settings: Faculties of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, and Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru. Participants: DNA samples of 56 non-selected subjects from Puno and 57 from Lima regions. Interventions: Analysis of the Val/Met polymorphism in OCT1 gene using the PCR-RFLP technique. Main outcome measures: Phenotypic and allelic frequencies. Results: Genotype frequencies were Val/Val=85,0% and Val/Met=15,0%. The Val allele frequency was higher than 93%, the Met allele was associated with a lower response to metformin and was present in Amantaní (8.3%) and in Lima (9.6%), and absent in Taquile. Conclusions: We found the highest Val allele frequency in the world. Regarding the Met allele, less frequent, we found differences among the Peruvian subpopulations tested, and this knowledge can help in the pharmacogenetics and decision making about oral treatment of metformin against diabetes.

11.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 47(2): 431-437, Apr.-June 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780821

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound as a conservation method for the inactivation of Escherichia coli inoculated into cactus pear juices (green and purple). Total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and the kinetics of E. coli in cactus pear juices treated by ultrasound (60%, 70%, 80% and 90% amplitude levels for 1, 3 and 5 min) were evaluated over 5 days. Total inactivation was observed in both fruit juices after 5 min of ultrasound treatment at most amplitude levels (with the exception of 60% and 80%). After one and two days of storage, the recovery of bacteria counts was observed in all cactus pear juices. Ultrasound treatment at 90% amplitude for 5 min resulted in non-detectable levels of E. coli in cactus pear juice for 2 days. The parameters of pH, titratable acidity and soluble solids were unaffected.


Subject(s)
Ultrasonics/methods , Cactaceae/microbiology , Escherichia coli/growth & development , Fruit and Vegetable Juices/microbiology , Food Preservation/methods , Ultrasonics , Cactaceae/chemistry , Microbial Viability , Food Storage , Food Preservation/instrumentation , Fruit/microbiology , Fruit/chemistry
12.
Coluna/Columna ; 12(2): 108-111, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-680724

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar resultados de biopsias vertebrales guiadas por tomografía axial computarizada, reportados por dos servicios de Anatomía Patológica distintos en pacientes con síndrome de destrucción vertebral para confirmar confiabilidad y utilidad en el diagnóstico. MÉTODOS: Se obtuvieron muestras de tejido de 21 pacientes en el periodo comprendido del 1 de marzo al 15 de julio del 2011 con el diagnóstico del síndrome de destrucción vertebral y a quienes se les realizó biopsia guiada por tomografía axial computarizada. Las muestras se enviaron en forma cegada a dos servicios de patología distintos. Los resultados fueron analizados con el método de comparación de dos proporciones. RESULTADOS: 14 pacientes fueron del género masculino (67%) y 7 del femenino (23%), edades de 28-82, con afección principalmente lumbar (48%) y torácica (38%); afectados en una vértebra en 62%, en dos en un 33% y en 3 o más niveles en 5%. Las vértebras más afectadas fueron L1, L2 y L3 (12/30 [40%]), T4 (3/30 [10%]) y T9 (3/30 [10%]). Los resultados se agruparon en categorías: 1. Osteomielitis (9/21 [43%]), 2. Tumores (7/21 [33%]), 3. Metástasis (3/21 [14%]), 4. Tejido normal (2/21 [10%]), 5. Inflamación (0/21 [0%]), 6. Muestra inadecuada (0/21 [0%]), 7. Mal de Pott (0/21 [0%]). CONCLUSIONES: De acuerdo a los valores de Z obtenidos mediante la prueba de comparación de dos proporciones no se encontró diferencia significativa entre los resultados reportados por dos los dos servicios de patología en el síndrome estudiado, determinándose que esta parte del proceso es confiable y útil en un 90%.


OBJETIVO: Comparar resultados de biópsias vertebrais guiadas por tomografia axial computadorizada, relatados por dois serviços de Anatomia Patológica distintos em pacientes com síndrome de destruição vertebral para confirmar a confiabilidade e a utilidade no diagnóstico. MÉTODOS: Foram obtidas amostras de tecido de 21 pacientes no período de 1 de março a 15 de julho de 2011, com diagnóstico de síndrome de destruição vertebral, que foram submetidos a biópsia guiada por tomografia axial computadorizada. As amostras foram enviadas de modo cego a dois serviços de patologia distintos. Os resultados foram analisados pelo método de comparação de duas proporções. RESULTADOS: 14 pacientes eram do sexo masculino (67%) e 7 do feminino (23%), com idades entre 28 e 82 e afecção predominantemente lombar (48%) e torácica (38%); 62% tinham comprometimento em uma vértebra, 33% em duas e 5% em três ou mais níveis. As vértebras mais afetadas foram L1, L2 e L3 (12/30 [40%]), T4 (3/30 [10%]) e T9 (3/30 [10%]). Os resultados foram agrupados em categorias: 1. Osteomielite (9/21 [43%]), 2. Tumores (7/21 [33%]), 3. Metástases (3/21 [14%]), 4. Tecido normal (2/21 [10%]), 5. Inflamação (0/21 [0%]), 6. Amostra inadequada (0/21 [0%]), 7. Mal de Pott (0/21 [0%]). CONCLUSÕES: De acordo com os valores de Z obtidos pela prova de comparação de duas proporções, não se encontrou diferença significante entre os resultados relatados pelos dois serviços de patologia na síndrome estudada, ficando determinado que essa parte do processo tem confiabilidade e utilidade de 90%.


OBJECTIVE: To compare results of vertebral biopsy guided by computerized axial tomography scan, reported by two different Departments of Pathology in patients with vertebral destruction syndrome to confirm the reliability and utility in the diagnosis. METHODS: Tissue samples from 21 patients were obtained March 1 to July 15, 2011, with a diagnosis of the vertebral destruction syndrome and who underwent computerized axial tomography-guided biopsy. The samples were blindly sent to two different pathology services. The results were analyzed using the two-proportion z-test. RESULTS: 14 patients were male (67%) and 7 females (23%), aged between 28 and 82, with condition predominantly lumbar (48%) and thoracic (38%); 62% had one vertebra affected, 33% ha two and 5% had three or more levels involved. The most affected vertebrae were L1, L2 and L3 (12/30 [40%]) and T9 (3/30 [10%]). The results were grouped into categories: 1. Osteomyelitis (9/21 [43%]), 2. Tumors (7/21 [33%]), 3. Metastases (3/21 [14%]), 4. Normal tissue (2/21 [10%]), 5. Inflammation (0/21 [0%]), 6. Inadequate sample (0/21 [0%]), 7. Pott's disease (0/21 [0%]). CONCLUSIONS: According to the values obtained by the two-proportion z-test, there was no significant difference between the results reported by the two departments of pathology for the syndrome studied, being determined that this part of the process has reliability and usefulness of 90%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Image-Guided Biopsy , Spine/abnormalities , Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
13.
Coluna/Columna ; 11(2): 151-155, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645476

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Explorar la efectividad de un conjunto de pruebas de diagnósticos, sistematizadas en hoja de protocolo, para la determinación del Síndrome de Destrucción Vertebral en pacientes de nuestro servicio. MÉTODOS: Analizamos una propuesta de sistematización mediante un estudio piloto de 20 pacientes a quienes se realizaron 10 diferentes pruebas de laboratorio y gabinete, además del estudio histopatológico de biopsia percutánea. Se describieron las características demográficas y clínicas, con los resultados obtenidos mediante estadística descriptiva, media y desviación estándar para las variables cuantitativas y porcentajes para las cualitativas. RESULTADOS: Edad promedio de 53,3 años ± 16,56 años; 10 hombres y 10 mujeres. 30 vértebras afectadas en los 20 pacientes, 8 de ellos tuvieron afección de dos o más vértebras. El nivel más afectado fue el Lumbar en 18 casos, seguido por el Torácico en 12. El Mal de Pott se diagnosticó en 7 casos (35%), Osteomielitis en 4 (20%), Mieloma Múltiple en 2 (10%), y Espondilodiscitis, Metástasis de Adenocarcinoma, Linfoma y Osteoporosis en un caso respectivamente (5%). En 3 casos (15%) no se obtuvo un diagnóstico específico. CONCLUSIONES: Esta propuesta de sistematización fue útil para llegar al diagnóstico etiológico definitivo del SDV en 85% de los casos, con la reducción en la cantidad de estudios realizados. Es necesario mayor número de pacientes para aumentar la evidencia de su utilidad.


OBJETIVO: Explorar a efetividade de um conjunto de exames diagnósticos sistematizados em folha de protocolo para determinação da síndrome de destruição vertebral em pacientes atendidos em nosso serviço. MÉTODOS: Analisamos uma proposta de sistematização por meio de estudo piloto de 20 pacientes que foram submetidos a dez exames laboratoriais e de imagens distintos, além do estudo histopatológico de biópsia percutânea. Foram descritas as características demográficas e clínicas e os resultados foram obtidos por estatística descritiva, média e desvio padrão para as variáveis quantitativas e porcentagens para as qualitativas. RESULTADOS: Média de idade de 53,3 ± 16,56 anos; 10 homens e 10 mulheres. Trinta vértebras afetadas nos 20 pacientes; 8 deles tinham afecção em duas ou mais vértebras. O nível mais afetado foi o lombar em 18 casos, seguido pelo torácico em 12. A tuberculose da coluna vertebral (doença de Pott) foi diagnosticada em 7 casos (35%), a osteomielite, em 4 (20%), o mieloma múltiplo, em 2 (10%) discite, metástase de adenocarcinoma, linfoma e osteoporose, cada um em um caso (5%). Em 3 casos (15%) não se obteve diagnóstico específico. CONCLUSÕES: Esta proposta de sistematização foi útil para chegar ao diagnóstico etiológico definitivo da SDV em 85% dos casos, com redução da quantidade de exames realizados. É preciso estudar um número maior de pacientes para aumentar a evidência de sua utilidade.


OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of a systematic set of diagnostic tests in a protocol sheet for determination of vertebral destruction syndrome in patients treated in our service. METHODS: We analysed a proposal for systematization through a pilot study of 20 patients who underwent 10 different laboratory and imaging tests, as well as the histopathological study through percutaneous biopsy. We described the demographic and clinical characteristics and likewise the results obtained by means of descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables and percentage for qualitative variables. RESULTS: Average age of 53.3 ± 16.56 years; 10 men and 10 women. Thirty vertebrae affected in 20 patients; 8 patients had disease in two or more vertebrae. The most affected level was the lumbar in 18 cases, followed by thoracic in 12. The spinal tuberculosis (Pott's disease) was detected in 7 cases (35%), osteomyelitis in 4 (20%), multiple myeloma, in 2 (10%), and discitis, metastasis of adenocarcinoma, lymphoma and osteoporosis in one case (5%). In 3 cases (15%) there was no specific diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This proposal of systematization was useful to reach the final etiological diagnosis of the VDS in 85% of cases, with the reduction in the number of tests. It is necessary to study a larger number of patients to increase the evidence of its usefulness.


Subject(s)
Infections , Osteoporosis , Spinal Neoplasms , Spine , Tuberculosis, Spinal
14.
Cir. & cir ; 77(5): 391-395, sept.-oct. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566468

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El tumor de vaina nerviosa periférica maligno (TVNPM) es un sarcoma de alto grado de malignidad, originado de componentes de las vainas nerviosas, fibroblastos, células perineurales y células de Schwann, que se asocia a neurofibromatosis tipo 1 con un riesgo de 10 a 13 %. Casos clínicos: Se presentan dos casos de TVNPM asociado a neurofibromatosis tipo 1. El primero presentó dolor moderado sin causa aparente, además de lesión intrarraquídea en resonancia magnética nuclear, manejada quirúrgicamente en dos ocasiones. Histológicamente correspondió a lesión neurofibromatosa en transición con neoplasia maligna. El segundo se manifestó con cifoescoliosis torácica, dolor y aumento de volumen. Asociado a la deformidad, la resonancia magnética mostró tumor en la región torácica posterior (T1 a T8), que fue resecado; se identificó neoplasia sarcomatosa infiltrante, muy celular, con inmunopositividad para proteína S100 y vimentina. Conclusiones: Los TNVPM son sarcomas con alto índice de recurrencia, capaces de producir metástasis a distancia desde etapas tempranas. A pesar de la resección amplia, los pacientes descritos no sobrevivieron dado el avance y tamaño de las lesiones. Por el crecimiento progresivo de los TNVPM y la dificultad anatómica para su abordaje, deberá tenerse un control estrecho de los pacientes con neurofibromatosis tipo 1 a fin de identificar tempranamente la transformación maligna de las lesiones.


BACKGROUND: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a sarcoma with a high grade of malignancy originating in the nerve sheath components, fibroblasts, perineural cells, and Schwann cells. It is associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) with a risk of 10-13%. CLINICAL CASES: We present two cases of NF-1-associated MPNST. The first patient presented moderate pain with no apparent cause, in addition to the presence of intraspinal lesion demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), which was managed surgically on two occasions. Histologically, it corresponded to a neurofibromatosis lesion in transition with malignant neoplasm. The second case manifested with thoracic kyphoscoliosis, pain, and an increase in volume. Associated with the deformity, MRI showed a withering tumor in the posterior thoracic region (T1-T8), observing an infiltrating, cellular sarcomatous neoplasm with immunopositivity for S-100 protein and vimentin. CONCLUSIONS: MPNSTs are sarcomas with a high index of recurrence with the ability to produce distant metastasis during early stages. Despite wide resection, patients did not survive due to the advancement and size of the lesions (determining factors in the prognosis). Due to the progressive growth of MPNST and the anatomic difficulty for its approach, there should be strict surveillance of patients with NF-1 for early detection of malignant transformation in these lesions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Cervical Vertebrae , Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/genetics , Spinal Neoplasms/genetics , Neurofibromatosis 1/pathology , Thoracic Vertebrae , Kyphosis/etiology , Scoliosis/etiology , Fatal Outcome , Laminectomy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/chemistry , Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/complications , Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/surgery , Spinal Neoplasms/chemistry , Spinal Neoplasms/complications , Spinal Neoplasms/surgery , /analysis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy , Spinal Nerve Roots , Nerve Compression Syndromes/etiology , Vimentin/analysis , Young Adult
15.
Cir. & cir ; 77(2): 127-130, mar.-abr. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566646

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El hemangioma vertebral es el tumor más común de la columna vertebral, se identifica hasta en 11 % de las autopsias. Es tipificado como una malformación benigna vascular de crecimiento lento; en ocasiones involucra los elementos posteriores, asociándose a compromiso neurológico. Por lo general es asintomático, encontrándose de forma incidental al estudiar el dolor de origen espinal en busca de otra patología; ocasionalmente produce manifestación neurológica. La extensión extraósea intrarraquídea con compromiso neurológico ha sido poco informada y representa un reto terapéutico. Caso clínico: Adolescente femenina con hemangioma vertebral de tamaño inusual del arco posterior con extensión hacia el conducto raquídeo que ocasionó manifestaciones neurológicas y ameritó tratamiento quirúrgico para su resección y fijación transpedicular. Conclusiones: El hemangioma vertebral es una lesión asintomática que no requiere tratamiento específico. Solo en algunos casos es necesario el tratamiento quirúrgico, que debe llevarse a cabo oportunamente cuando hay compresión neurológica, para evitar secuelas permanentes. El crecimiento extraóseo intrarraquídeo con deterioro neurológico es una presentación inusitada.


BACKGROUND: Vertebral hemangioma is the most common benign spinal tumor and is found in 11% of postmortem studies as a slow-growing benign vascular malformation. It usually involves the vertebral body and sometimes the posterior vertebral elements. When the posterior elements are involved, spinal cord compression with neurological symptoms are seen more often. Vertebral hemangiomas exist as a continuum of manifestations and lesions ranging from the common asymptomatic forms to the rare compression lesion. Extraosseous extension of vertebral hemangioma with cord compression and neurological symptoms is a rare condition and represents a treatment challenge. Surgical options are open resection, embolization or vertebroplasty. CLINICAL CASE: We report a case of a vertebral hemangioma with extraosseous extension to the spinal canal with an unusual size and osseous component in the posterior elements. This tumor caused neurological manifestations and was surgically treated with posterior decompression and stabilization with transpedicular screws and rods. Clinical outcome was good. CONCLUSIONS: Vertebral hemangioma is normally an asymptomatic benign lesion not requiring specific treatment. Only in a few cases is surgical treatment required. When neurological compromise is present, early treatment should be carried out before the presence of permanent paralysis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Hemangioma/complications , Hemangioma/pathology , Spinal Neoplasms/complications , Spinal Neoplasms/pathology , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/complications , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/pathology , Nerve Compression Syndromes/etiology , Hemangioma/surgery , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Spinal Neoplasms/surgery , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/surgery
16.
Cir. & cir ; 77(2): 107-110, mar.-abr. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566650

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los tumores de la columna son lesiones poco comunes que afectan a una porción menor de la población, sin embargo, pueden causar morbilidad significativa y estar asociados a mortalidad. Representan 15 % de los tumores craneoespinales. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue definir la frecuencia de tumores intradurales extramedulares de columna vertebral en el Servicio de Cirugía de Columna Vertebral del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, y su diagnóstico histopatológico definitivo. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de una serie de pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente entre 1996 y 2006 por diagnóstico de tumor intradural extramedular. Se evaluó sexo, edad, localización, sintomatología y tipo de tumor. Resultados: Se revisaron 27 pacientes, 11 hombres y 16 mujeres, con edad promedio de 47.33 años. Los síntomas principales fueron dolor y pérdida de la fuerza. La localización más frecuente fue la torácica seguida de la lumbar; el diagnóstico histopatológico indicó meningioma en 12 casos, schwannoma en 12 y neurofibroma en tres. Conclusiones: La sintomatología, localización y predominio de sexo son similares a los informados en la literatura. A diferencia de otras series, los tumores más frecuentes en la nuestra fueron schwannomas y meningiomas. Es importante el diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento adecuado, que en nuestros pacientes consistió en resección total con laminoplastia, para evitar secuelas neurológicas permanentes.


BACKGROUND: Spine tumors are uncommon injuries affecting a low percentage of the population; however, these tumors can cause significant morbidity and may be related to mortality. They represent 15% of craniospinal tumors. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of intradural extramedullary spine tumors treated in our Service and to report the definitive histopathological diagnosis. METHODS: This was a retrospective study in a series of patients treated surgically with a diagnosis of intradural extramedullary tumor in the Spine Service of the National Rehabilitation Institute (Mexico) from 1996 to 2006. The following variables were evaluated: gender, age, tumor localization, symptomatology and type of tumor. RESULTS: Files of 27 patients were reviewed. There were 11 men and 16 women with an average age of 47.33 years. The main symptoms were pain and motor weakness. The most frequent localization was thoracic followed by lumbar. Histopathological diagnosis reported 12 cases of meningioma, 12 cases of schwannoma and 3 cases of neurofibroma. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatology, localization and gender predominance are similar to that reported in the literature. Different from other series, schwannomas and meningiomas were the most frequent tumors in our study. Appropriate diagnosis and opportune treatment consisting of total resection with laminoplasty are crucial in order to avoid permanent neurological consequences.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Spinal Cord Neoplasms , Mexico , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/epidemiology , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/pathology , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/surgery , Rehabilitation Centers , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
17.
Cir. & cir ; 77(2): 101-105, mar.-abr. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566651

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La inestabilidad de la columna cervical es el aumento en la movilidad más allá de los límites fisiológicos de una vértebra sobre otra en alguno de sus ejes, que condiciona síntomas en el paciente. Existen causas traumáticas, degenerativas, metabólicas y neoplásicas. Material y métodos: Se realizó estudio retrospectivo, longitudinal, observacional y descriptivo, de intervención deliberada, en pacientes con cirugía por inestabilidad atlantoaxoidea, de enero de 1993 a mayo de 2002, con un seguimiento mínimo de cinco años. Resultados: Se evaluaron 11 pacientes, con edades de 25 a 75 años, media de 56 años. El sexo predominante fue el femenino. La etiología fue iatrogénica en seis casos, cuatro por artritis reumatoide y uno postraumática. En todos se realizó fijación y artrodesis occipitocervical con resección del arco posterior. El déficit neurológico preoperatorio predominante según la escala de Ranawat fue grado II, y en el posoperatorio fue grado I. Conclusiones: La edad media de nuestra serie fue discretamente menor respecto a la indicada en la literatura; el sexo predominante correspondió a lo informado en la literatura. Existió mejoría en ocho de los 11 pacientes, como en otras series. La mayor incidencia se observó entre los 30 y 64 años. La actividad ocupacional con mayor frecuencia fue la del hogar. El déficit neurológico según la escala de Ranawat mejoró en 72 % de los pacientes.


BACKGROUND: Instability of the cervical spine is defined as an increase in flexibility farther than the physiological limits of one vertebra over another in some of its axes, conditioning symptoms for the patient. Traumatic, degenerative, metabolic and neoplastic causes have all been identified. METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal, observational and descriptive study was carried out on patients surgically intervened specifically for atlantoaxial instability from January 1993 to May 2002, with a minimum 5-year follow-up. RESULTS: Eleven patients were evaluated. Ages ranged from 25 to 75 years (average age 56 years) with a female predominance. Etiology was iatrogenic in six cases, and there were four cases of rheumatoid arthritis and one case due to trauma. In all cases, fixation was accomplished with occipitocervical arthrodesis with posterior arch resection. Predominant preoperative neurologic deficit according to Ranawat was grade II and postoperatively was grade I. CONCLUSIONS: The average age of patients in our series was discreetly lower in regard to what has been reported in the literature. Female predominance was in accordance with previous publications. Eight of 11 patients showed improvement as in other series. A higher impact was observed in patients between 30 and 64 years of age. The occupational activity with the highest frequency was homemaker, and the neurologic deficit according to Ranawat showed improvement in 72% of the patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Atlanto-Axial Joint , Joint Instability/surgery , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies
18.
Cir. & cir ; 76(3): 205-211, mayo-jun. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567107

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vertebral Destruction Syndrome (VDS) is a pathology of multiple etiologies causing structural alterations of the spine, producing deformity with neurological and mechanical alterations. In order to study VDS, a diagnostic process is carried out, sometimes with unexpected results. We undertook this study to validate the systematization of a series of studies to arrive at the diagnosis of VDS. METHODS: We included 105 patients in the study with diagnosis of VDS from January 1998 to December 2005, taking into consideration specificity, sensitivity and predictive value of each integrated study in order to determine its diagnostic value. RESULTS: The most frequent etiology was Pott's Disease (24 cases) followed by osteomyelitis (20 cases), metastasis (18 cases) and multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma (16 cases each). The higher sensitivity in Pott's Disease was obtained with bone scan and polymerase chain reaction (PCR); for multiple myeloma, computerized axial tomography (CAT) and bone scan; CAT and bone scan for infections; MRI for primary tumors; and MRI and bone scan for secondary tumors. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce false positives to 2% and to reduce the maximum number of false negatives, studies such as CAT, MRI, bone scan, PCR, ESR, C-reactive protein and determination of alkaline and acid phosphatase must be included in the VDS study protocol. Other studies have very low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Spinal Diseases/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Syndrome , Tuberculosis, Spinal/diagnosis
19.
Cir. & cir ; 75(6): 459-463, nov.-dic. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568928

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The vertebral destruction syndrome is defined as those pathologies affecting the integrity of the vertebral structure, modifying its normal architecture and resulting in neurological deficit. Correct diagnosis is essential to define appropriate treatment. Biopsy, in addition to histopathological study, is a vital element for definitive diagnosis. METHODS: We carried out a descriptive, deliberate interventional study in 20 patients with a diagnosis of vertebral destruction in whom a percutaneous transpendicular biopsy was done between January 2005 and July 2006. Variables analyzed were age, sex, affected segment, neurological condition, neurological deficit type, results of the biopsy and specific diagnosis. RESULTS: There was a predominance of males (55%). The lumbar spine was the most affected region in 80% of patients. Of the biopsies performed, 10% were reported as normal tissue, 20% with degenerative changes, 15% with inflammatory changes, 15% with primary tumoral lesion, 5% with chronic osteomyelitis, 10% with tuberculosis, 15% with tumoral metastasis and 10% necrotic devitalized bone tissue. Of these patients, 55% were treated nonsurgically, and the remaining 45% were treated surgically. No complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous transpedicular biopsy has only 55% specificity in diagnosis and for that reason is a less useful diagnostic method in our setting for destructive lesion diagnosis from the vertebral body.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Spinal Diseases/pathology , Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology , Thoracic Vertebrae/pathology , Biopsy/methods , Prospective Studies , Syndrome
20.
Cir. & cir ; 74(5): 377-380, sept.-oct. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-573409

ABSTRACT

El quiste óseo aneurismático es un tumor de naturaleza neoplásica indefinida, de comportamiento benigno, crecimiento rápido y ocasionalmente de comportamiento agresivo, cuyo tratamiento de elección es la resección completa, aunque existe el riesgo de sangrado transquirúrgico excesivo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con deformidad en columna torácica, con parestesias y debilidad muscular progresivas en extremidades inferiores, que evolucionó hasta la parálisis de dichas extremidades e incontinencia de ambos esfínteres. Mediante estudios de gabinete se localizaron lesiones líticas en cuerpos vetebrales T7 a T9 e invasión a conducto raquídeo. Los estudios electrofisiológicos identificaron bloqueo completo de la vía somatosensorial. Previa biopsia incisional, se realizó resección de la lesión y estabilización de la columna toracolumbar. La paciente evolucionó sin mejoría de la función medular. Los hallazgos morfológicos correspondieron a quiste óseo aneurismático en T8. Esta lesión se localiza principalmente en huesos largos y con mucho menor frecuencia en la columna vertebral, donde puede provocar inestabilidad y compresión de la médula espinal. Es posible confundirla con otras neoplasias, por lo que el diagnóstico definitivo mediante biopsia es imprescindible a fin de establecer el plan terapéutico adecuado, que elimine el riesgo de recurrencia o secuelas neurológicas asociadas, y lograr la estabilidad adecuada de los segmentos vertebrales afectados.


The aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a fast-growing tumor of undefined neoplastic nature. It is occasionally an aggressive benign lesion whose treatment of choice is a complete resection, even though the risk of profuse transoperative bleeding exists. We present a female patient with thoracic spine deformity, with progressive paresthesias and muscle weakness of lower extremities that evolved to paralysis of both lower extremities and sphincter incontinence. Based on radiographic films, lytic lesions were identified at T7 to T9 vertebrae as well as medullary space invasion. In electrophysiologic tests, a complete somatosensorial pathway block was reported. Prior to resection of the neoplastic lesion and thoracolumbar stabilization, an incisional biopsy was performed. There was no postoperative medullary functional improvement. Morphological findings corresponded to an aneurysmal bone cyst at T8. This lesion is mainly located in the long bones and less frequently of the spine, where instability and medullary compression may occur. It is possible to confuse this neoplasia with other lesions. Hence, definite diagnosis with biopsy is necessary for determining an adequate therapeutic plan to eradicate recurrence risk or associated neurologic sequelae, as well as to gain proper stability at the involved vertebral segments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/surgery , Spinal Cord Compression/etiology , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Spinal Diseases/surgery , Spinal Fusion/methods , Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery , Disease Progression , Bone Transplantation , Kyphosis/etiology , Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/complications , Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Decompression, Surgical/instrumentation , Spinal Diseases/complications , Spinal Diseases/pathology , Back Pain/etiology , Internal Fixators , Fecal Incontinence/etiology , Urinary Incontinence/etiology , Osteolysis/etiology , Paraplegia/etiology , Paresthesia/etiology , Thoracic Vertebrae/pathology
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